A scratch spin, also known as a basic spin or an upright spin, is one of the fundamental elements in figure skating. Here’s a detailed description of how it is executed:
Entry
- Preparation: The skater begins by gliding forward or backward, typically on a circle or a straight line. The preferred entry edge is often an outside edge, though inside edges can also be used.
- Three Turn or Wind-up: To enter the spin, the skater performs a three turn or a wind-up motion, where they pivot on one foot to face the opposite direction. This helps in gaining the necessary momentum for the spin.
Establishing the Spin
- Pivot Point: The skater shifts their weight onto the ball of the spinning foot (usually the right foot for counterclockwise spins and the left foot for clockwise spins).
- Free Leg and Arms Position: The free leg is extended to the side or back and the arms are usually extended outwards to help with balance and control.
Execution
- Pulling In: As the skater begins to spin, they gradually pull their free leg and arms closer to their body. The arms are brought in first, often to a crossed position over the chest or in front of the body. The free leg is drawn in towards the spinning leg, often crossing over it at the ankle.
- Increasing Speed: This action of pulling inwards reduces the skater’s moment of inertia, causing them to spin faster due to the conservation of angular momentum. This phase of the spin is often the most visually dramatic, as the skater accelerates rapidly.
Body Position
- Upright Position: The skater maintains an upright posture throughout the spin, with their head held high and their body straight. This helps in maintaining balance and control during the high-speed rotation.
- Centered Spin: A well-executed scratch spin stays centered on a small spot on the ice, minimizing travel and maintaining a steady axis of rotation.
Exit
- Slowing Down: To exit the spin, the skater gradually extends their arms and free leg outwards again, increasing their moment of inertia and thus slowing the rotation.
- Exit Edge: The skater then transitions out of the spin by shifting their weight and gliding out on either the same edge they entered on or a different edge, smoothly integrating the spin into their overall program.
Key Elements
- Control and Balance: The skater must maintain control and balance throughout the spin, ensuring a smooth and aesthetically pleasing motion.
- Speed and Centripetal Force: The skater uses the centripetal force generated by pulling their limbs inwards to achieve high rotational speed.
- Precision and Technique: Precision in the entry, execution, and exit of the spin is crucial for a high-quality scratch spin. Proper technique ensures that the spin remains centered and balanced.
Variations
While the scratch spin itself is a fundamental element, variations can include changes in arm positions, free leg positions, or even adding a jump into the spin (known as a flying spin). Advanced skaters might incorporate creative elements to increase the complexity and visual appeal of their scratch spins.